![]() ![]() Three of them were unable to be classified. Moreover, six of these patients were considered to have cerebral vascular disease (including patients with previous atrial fibrillation, low CTP perfusion, microembolism, and/or previous risk factors for vascular disease). In the present study, DWI revealed that nine patients with TGA had hyperintense lesions ( Figure 2), suggestive of cytotoxic edema in the hippocampus. The time to initial DWI from symptom onset was between 28 and 120 h in nine patients with a high signal on DWI. In addition, seven patients had lesions in the hippocampus (two patients with bilateral hippocampal infarction), one patient had a lesion in the thalamus, and one patient had a lesion in the occipital lobe ( Figure 2). In addition, one patient had symptoms lasting less than 30 min however, they did not undergo EEG examination, and there was no recurrence of TGA during follow-up.įurthermore, 67 patients with TGA were examined via MRI within seven days after admission 58 had normal DWI, and 9 had hyperintense lesions on DWI. In the fourth year of follow-up, the patient had a TGA relapse but was not admitted to a hospital for treatment and did not undergo EEG examination. The symptoms of one of these lasted for three hours, and three days after the symptom recovery, this patient completed the EEG examination with normal results. In terms of the examination data, EEG was performed on only eight patients, and the results were normal. The termination points were as follows: patients died due to any reason or the follow-up time reached the end point (June 30, 2019). The data collected in this study were as follows: 1) demographic data, including age, sex, and patient’s dominant hand 2) past medical history, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, stroke, migraine, TGA attacks, and seizures 3) clinical features related to TGA attacks, including inducing factors (dizziness, Valsalva movement, emotional agitation) and duration 4) clinical and laboratory information, including admission blood glucose and lipids and auxiliary examinations, such as electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram (EEG), computed tomography (CT), jugular artery and vein ultrasound, MRI (TIWI, T2WI, DWI, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, pattern deformation technique for hippocampal zoning, and probabilistic fiber tracer), and brain vascular evaluation (CT angiography, CT perfusion, and magnetic resonance angiography ) and 5) follow-up content, including survival, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, TGA attack, and congestive heart disease. The exclusion criterion was meeting any one of the following: 1) moderate cognitive dysfunction during physical examination 2) history of TGA 3) severe liver and kidney dysfunction and 4) history of malignant tumor. ![]() The inclusion criteria of the control group were: 1) underwent physical examination in the same period and 2) consented to follow-up. 3, 4 The exclusion criteria were: 1) hypoglycemia at onset 2) severe liver and kidney dysfunction and 3) history of malignant tumor. ![]() The diagnostic criteria were as follows: 1) anterograde amnesia 2) witnessed by an observer 3) no loss of consciousness or personal identity 4) no other cognitive impairments besides amnesia 5) no recent history of head trauma or seizure and 6) symptoms that abate within 24 h. The control group, with matching age and sex, was enrolled in the physical examination department of the same hospital the age was matched by ☑ year. This retrospective study involved data from patients with TGA admitted to Zhongshan Hospital, affiliated with Xiamen University, between October 1, 2011, and October 30, 2018. ![]()
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